Flash burn is a type of eye injury caused by exposure to intense light or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Though often Flash Burn, it can be painful and may lead to temporary vision problems if not treated properly. This phenomenon is commonly associated with welding, tanning beds, sunlight reflections on snow or water, and other high-intensity light sources. Understanding flash burn is crucial for anyone working in environments where intense light exposure is possible.

What is Flash Burn?

Flash burn, also known as photokeratitis, is essentially a sunburn of the cornea—the clear, protective layer covering the front of the eye. Unlike skin sunburn, it affects the eyes and is caused by overexposure to UV light rather than heat. The condition can develop quickly, sometimes within a few hours of exposure, and typically resolves within 24 to 48 hours with proper care.

Causes of Flash Burn

Flash burn occurs when the eyes are exposed to ultraviolet rays or high-intensity light sources. Common causes include:

1. Welding arcs: The bright light emitted during arc welding is a major source of flash burn. Welders without proper eye protection are particularly at risk.
2. Tanning beds: Excessive exposure to UV light in tanning beds can damage the cornea and surrounding tissues.
3. Sunlight reflection: Snow, water, and sand can reflect sunlight and magnify UV exposure, causing “snow blindness” or temporary flash burn.
4. Laser and bright lights: Industrial lasers, stage lights, and even certain camera flashes can cause photokeratitis with prolonged exposure.

Symptoms of Flash Burn

Symptoms usually appear a few hours after exposure and may include:

• Redness and watery eyes
• Pain or a gritty sensation
• Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
• Blurred vision
• Swelling of the eyes or eyelids
• Temporary vision loss in severe cases

Treatment and Recovery

Most cases of flash burn are mild and heal on their own within 24–48 hours. Treatment focuses on relieving discomfort and protecting the eyes:

• Rest your eyes: Avoid bright lights and give your eyes a break.
• Artificial tears: Lubricating eye drops help soothe dryness and irritation.
• Cold compresses: Can reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Avoid rubbing: Rubbing can worsen irritation or cause scratches on the cornea.

Severe or persistent cases require medical attention, as they may lead to infection or long-term damage.

Prevention of Flash Burn

Preventing flash burn is far easier than treating it. Key preventive measures include:

• Wear protective eyewear: Use welding goggles, sunglasses with UV protection, or specialized safety glasses.
• Limit exposure: Avoid looking directly at intense light sources and take breaks when working under bright lights.
• Use UV-blocking lenses: Polarized or coated lenses can reduce UV exposure from sunlight.
• Education and awareness: Training for workers in high-risk environments is essential.

Conclusion

Flash burn is a painful but often preventable eye injury caused by UV and intense light exposure. Awareness, proper protection, and prompt care are crucial to avoiding long-term damage. Whether in industrial settings, outdoor environments, or recreational activities, taking steps to shield your eyes can ensure they remain healthy and functional for years to come.